POST WAR CHAOS

WHAT CONNECTS THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUALS?  

   •   Guillaume Apollinaire, French surrealist poet .

   •   Felix Arndt, American composer

   •   Randolph Bourne, American political thinker

   •   Henry G Ginaca, American inventor

   •   Myrtle Gonzalez, American actress

   •   Joe Hall, Canadian ice hocky player

   •   Phoebe Hurst, American educator

   •   Hans E Lau, Danish astronomer

   •   Harold Lockwood, American actor

   •   King Watzke, New Orleans bandleader

   •   Reggie Schwarz, South African cricketer

   •   Yakov Sverdlov, Russian revolutionary

   •   Jacinta and Francisco Marto, 2 visionaries at

Fatima, Portugal 1917

   •   William Walker, British diver

   •   Anton Dilger, in charge of German biological warfare in WWI

I. REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA:

A. Tsarist Failure

B. February Revolution

C. October Revolution

D. Civil War:

Red Army vs. White Army

Red:

   Russians under Lenin

                   (and Mongolia, Ukraine, Latvia)

                                White:

British Empire

United Kingdom

Canada

Australia

India

Japan

Czechoslovakia

Greece

Poland

United States

France

Romania

Serbia

Italy

China

5000 U.S. soldiers, the Polar Bear Expedition

E. The Rise of Stalin:

           

O great Stalin, O leader of the peoples,

Thou who broughtest man to birth.

Thou who fructifies the earth,

Thou who restorest to centuries,

Thou who makest bloom the spring,

Thou who makest vibrate the musical chords...

Thou, splendour of my spring, O thou,

Sun reflected by millions of hearts.

(A. O. Avdienko)

II. GLOBAL PANDEMIC:

Influenza comes from the Italian,

Influenza di freddo--"influence of the cold."

1. King Williamstown, South Africa and the Prophetess Nonketha Mekwenke

2. Japan:

--257,363 deaths by July 1919, 0.425% mortality rate…lowest in Asia.

3. India: 17 million die, 5% of population

4. Brevig Mission, Alaska

Had a pop. 84 in June, 1918.                

By November, 13 children and

teenagers remained.

5. New Zealanders off of Sierra Leone

            1150 troops…

            900 cases, 83 deaths…

6. Samoa

Western Samoa:

S.S. Talune arrives at Aria

In two months, 7542 die from flu…20% of population.

American Samoa:

            Colonial Governor John M. Poyer

OVERALL:

DEATH TOLL

            WWI=around 15 million total deaths

                        (U.S. 116,000 deaths)

            Influenza: 50 million deaths

                        (U.S. 700,000 deaths)

Alfred Crosby: the virus "killed more humans than any other disease in a period of similar duration in the history of the world."

WHAT LINKS THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUALS?  

   •   Guillaume Apollinaire, French surrealist poet .

   •   Felix Arndt, American composer

   •   Randolph Bourne, American political thinker

   •   Henry G Ginaca, American inventor

   •   Myrtle Gonzalez, American actress

   •   Joe Hall, Canadian ice hocky player

   •   Phoebe Hurst, American educator

   •   Hans E Lau, Danish astronomer

   •   Harold Lockwood, American actor

   •   King Watzke, New Orleans bandleader

   •   Reggie Schwarz, South African cricketer

   •   Yakov Sverdlov, Russian revolutionary

   •   Jacinta and Francisco Marto, 2 visionaries at

Fatima, Portugal 1917

   •   William Walker, British diver

   •   Anton Dilger, in charge of German biological warfare in WWI

On 5th October 2005, researchers announced the genetic sequence of the 1918 flu strain had been reconstructed using tissue samples. The 2005 H5N1 bird flu strain spreading through Asia has some features of the 1918 strain.

 (Washington Post 5-Oct-2005)

III. WORLDWIDE DEPRESSION:

Turnitin.com Info

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The class id is 9597925.
The password is history.

The Great War in Global Context

In 1906, a German writer F.H. Grautoff warned that “a war in Europe… must necessarily set the whole world ablaze.”

I.             Origins of the Conflict

A.     Dangerous Nationalism:

1.         European Instability

2.   Alliance System

                                 Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

                                          vs.

France and Russia (Britain loosely allied)

B.     Lighting the Fuse

1.         Assassination

Ujedinjenje ili Smrt, "Unification or Death."

2.     Russia Mobililzes

                   (Willy and Nicky Correspondence)

                     3. Romantic Nationalism and

                                    "Kultur"

4. War in Verse

A.     Edgar Guest

B.     Wilfred Owen

II.         Bloody War

A.     Trench Warfare=Stalemate

B.     Air War

     (Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen)

C.      Trenches in the Sea

III.     War's End:

A.     Exit Russia

B.     Enter the U.S.

C.      Germany's 1918 Offensive

IV.        How was the Great War different because of global intervention?

The Times History of the World in 1914 wrote,

“The instinct which made us such sticklers for propriety in all our dealings made us more reluctant than other nations would feel to employ coloured troops against a white enemy.”

V.            How was the globe different for having intervened in the Great War?

Tipperary mbali sana sana (swahili)

“It’s a long way to Tipperary”: King’s African Rifles marching song

France recruited = 500,000 colonial troops between 1914 and 1918:

166,000 West Africans (mostly laborers, 20% death rate)

46,000 Madagascans

50,000 Indochinese

140,000 Algerians

47,000 Tunisians

24,300 Moroccans. Most of these French colonial troops served in Europe.

GENOCIDE

VI. CONCLUSION:

A.            TOTAL WAR

8.6 million combatants killed

6.5 million civilians killed

11% France  

(casualty rate=killed or wounded)

9% Germany

8% Great Britain

B. HOW NOT TO END A WAR!

Treaty of Versailles

C. WAR IS BEAUTIFUL.

"I esteem the moral values of war rather highly…it seems to me that a genuine artist would find greater value in a nation of men who have faced death and who know the immediacy and freshness of camp life." Hermann Hesse

"War is an aesthetic pleasure without comparison." Ernst Glaeser

"Poetry, art, philosophy, and culture are what the battle is all about."

Rudolf Fischer

THE END OF HISTORY, Francis Fukuyama

"What we may be witnessing is not just the end of the Cold War, or the passing of a particular period of post-war history, but the end of history as such: that is, the end point of mankind's ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government."

CRASH COURSE WEEK 7

NO CRASH COURSE THIS WEEK...WE MAY WATCH ONE IN CLASS...

READING FOR THIS WEEK

Since some of you have different versions of the book, I am also including the title.

CHAPTER 19,  Empires in Collision - Europe, the Middle East, and East Asia 1800-1914

p.s.  I cannot be held responsible for that pink font...it was foisted on me...

Excerpts from the Communist Manifesto (Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels)

Excerpts from the Communist Manifesto (Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels)

Marx and Engels used a couple of terms here that need to be clarified. First of all, bourgeoisie referred to the new business and industrial class that had emerged in the last few centuries before his time (as opposed to the traditional landed aristocracy); proletariat referred to the workers in these factories (owned by the bourgeoisie), who, in Marx’ view, were “wage slaves,” bound to work for wages lest they starve.

Part I: Bourgeois and Proletarians
The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.

Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guildmaster and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes.

In the earlier epochs of history, we find almost everywhere a complicated arrangement of society into various orders, a manifold gradation of social rank. In ancient Rome we have patricians, knights, plebeians, slaves; in the Middle Ages, feudal lords, vassals, guild- masters, journeymen, apprentices, serfs; in almost all of these classes, again, subordinate gradations.

The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society, has not done away with class antagonisms. It has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones.

Our epoch, the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however, this distinctive feature: It has simplified the class antagonisms. Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other- bourgeoisie and proletariat. . . .

Modern industry has established the world market, for which the discovery of America paved the way. This market has given an immense development to commerce, to navigation, to communication by land. This development has, in its turn, reacted on the extension of industry; and in proportion as industry, commerce, navigation, railways extended, in the same proportion the bourgeoisie developed, increased its capital, and pushed into the background every class handed down from the Middle Ages.

We see, therefore, how the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange..

The bourgeoisie has played a most revolutionary role in history.

The bourgeoisie, wherever it has got the upper hand, has put an end to all feudal, patriarchal, idyllic relations. It has pitilessly torn asunder the motley feudal ties that bound man to his “natural superiors,” and has left no other bond between man and man than naked self-interest, than callous “cash payment.” It has drowned the most heavenly ecstasies of religious fervor, of chivalrous enthusiasm, of philistine sentimentalism, in the icy water of egotistical calculation. It has resolved personal worth into exchange value, and in place of the numberless indefeasible chartered freedoms, has set up that single, unconscionable freedom—Free Trade. In one word, for exploitation, veiled by religious and political illusions, it has substituted naked, shameless, direct, brutal exploitation.

Part II: Proletarians and Communists

What else does the history of ideas prove, than that intellectual production changes its character in proportion as material production is changed? The ruling ideas of each age have ever been the ideas of its ruling class.

When people speak of ideas that revolutionize society, they do but express the fact that within the old society the elements of a new one have been created, and that the dissolution of the old ideas keeps even pace with the dissolution of the old conditions of existence.

When the ancient world was in its last throes, the ancient religions were overcome by Christianity. When Christian ideas succumbed in the eighteenth century to rationalist ideas, feudal society fought its death-battle with the then revolutionary bourgeoisie. The ideas of religious liberty and freedom of conscience, merely gave expression to the sway of free competition within the domain of knowledge..

We have seen above that the first step in the revolution by the working class is to raise the proletariat to the position of ruling class to win the battle of democracy.

The proletariat will use its political supremacy to wrest, by degree, all capital from the bourgeoisie, to centralize all instruments of production in the hands of the state, i. e., of the proletariat organized as the ruling class; and to increase the total productive forces as rapidly as possible.

These measures will, of course, be different in different countries.

Nevertheless, in most advanced countries, the following will be pretty generally applicable.

1.            Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public purposes.

2.            A heavy progressive or graduated income tax.

3.            Abolition of all rights of inheritance.

4.            Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels.

5.            Centralization of credit in the banks of the state, by means of a national bank with state capital and an exclusive monopoly.

6.            Centralization of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the state.

7.            Extension of factories and instruments of production owned by the state; the bringing into cultivation of waste lands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common plan.

8.            Equal obligation of all to work. Establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture.

9.            Combination of agriculture with manufacturing industries; gradual abolition of all the distinction between town and country by a more equable distribution of the populace over the country.

10.        Free education for all children in public schools. Abolition of children’s factory labor in its present form. Combination of education with industrial production, etc.

In place of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, we shall have an association in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.

Part IV: Position of the Communists in Relation to the Various Existing Opposition Parties

.. Workingmen of all countries, unite!